Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the severity of hematological findings according to etiology in patients with pancytopenia and bicytopenia. Methods Patients with bicytopenia and pancytopenia who were examined in Diyarbakir Children Hospital Pediatric Hematology and Oncology clinic between June 2017-June 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. Results Of the 130 patients included in the study, 73 (56.2%) were male and 43 (43.8%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 4.9 ± 4.86. Forty-five (34.6%) patients had pancytopenia and 85 (65.3%) had bicytopenia. The youngest patient was 1-month old and the oldest patient was 18-year-old. The mean blood count parameters were white blood cell (WBC) 10.207 ± 39.781, neutrophil 1515 ± 1418, hgb 9.3 ± 2.3, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 80 ± 13.1, platelet 118.823 ± 93.645. Three out of 130 patients had hyperleukocytosis (WBC &gt; 50.000/mm3). Vitamin B12 deficiency was detected in 35 patients. When patients with primary hematological disease were compared with patients with secondary causes of cytopenias, a significant difference was found in terms of leukocyte count, hemoglobin level, MCV elevation, and low platelet count. Conclusion The determination of the severity of cytopenias in differential diagnosis may be useful in distinguishing primary hematological diseases from secondary causes of pancytopenia and bicytopenia. However, vitamin B12 deficiency in developing countries is one of the most important causes of public health as well as in the etiology of pancytopenia and bicytopenia. © Hakan Sarbay et al.Introduction Prevalence of obesity among adolescents constitutes a serious public health problem. We aimed to investigate the association between socioeconomic factors and obesity perceptions, and prevalence of overweight and obesity among school adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study that included students 12 to 17 years old participating from six schools that were randomly selected in Northern Jordan. Body mass index (BMI) measurements and interview questions were completed by trained researchers. A total of 701 were successfully involved in the analysis. Results Students involved were 53.6% males and 46.4% females. Students with normal BMI had a mean BMI of 21.45 (+1.76). Those who were obese, or overweight were 202 (28.8%) students and had a BMI of 29.1 (+4.05). Family monthly income, mother's education and working status among other socioeconomic status factors were significantly associated with children's overweight or obesity. Perceptions about obesity including meal choices, interest in self body weight, considering someone in family as obese and instructions at school were statistically significant as well. Conclusion Family factors, adolescents' pocket money and perceptions about obesity were significant predictors of obesity among adolescents in Jordan. Effective intervention strategies should be implemented in schools and other primary care settings to reduce the relatively high prevalence of adolescent's obesity observed in this study. © Abdulhakeem Mahmoud Okour et al.Introduction The consequences of severe acute malnutrition are measured in terms of health and survival, but also of cognitive development, its productivity and the overall national economy. Its management requires enormous financial resources. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of treating severe acute malnutrition versus cost of treatment of severe acute malnutrition in children. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 199 children aged 0-59 months admitted to the Centre for Nutritional Recovery and Education in Kaya, Burkina Faso, from January to December 2014. The cost of treatment, the length of stay in the Centre for Nutritional Recovery and Education, daily weight gain and the speed of recovery were analyzed based on the standards calculation methods. Mann-Whitney test and Kruskall-Wallis test were used to compare the medians (0.05 threshold). Results As expected, children aged 6-23 months were the most affected (51.8%) and acute respiratory infections were the most associated diseases (57.9%). The median length of stay in the Centre for Nutritional Recovery and Education was 9.0 (7.0-13.0) days, the mean speed of recovery was 100.0 (65.8 - 143.3) g/day and the average daily weight gain was 18.1 (11.6 - 27.7) g/kg/day. The average cost of treatment in a malnourished child is estimated to be 15 715,3 FCFA (25.2 USD). Conclusion The cost of treatment is hardly affordable by the parents of malnourished children; hence the necessity for government and development partners interventions. © Bassibila Zoungrana et al.Objectives Battlefield Acupuncture (BFA) is a unique auricular acupuncture procedure utilized by many Veterans Affairs Healthcare Administration facilities. Several previous studies have shown an immediate reduction in pain for up to 2 weeks post BFA. The long-term effects of BFA and its potential to decrease opioid use had yet to be analyzed. This study was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of BFA to decrease chronic pain immediately and 6 months after treatment and to decrease the number of opioids needed for management of chronic pain. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective cohort study comparing veterans who received BFA and were prescribed opioids for their chronic pain to veterans who did not receive BFA. The treatment group included 24 veterans who received BFA and had opioid contracts. The comparison group consisted of 23 randomly selected veterans who had opioid contracts but did not receive BFA. A numeric rating scale (NRS) was used to measure pain before and after treatment, as well as 3 months prior and 6 months post. The average morphine mg equivalents for opioids 3 months prior and 6 months post treatment were also compared. Differences between groups were statistically analyzed by an analysis of variance and a Student's t-test. Results Significant average decreases of 1.3 points on the NRS occurred in 66.1% immediately after the procedure. No significant decreases in pain were found. No significant changes of the average number of opioids over the 9 months analyzed were found. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk2126458.html Conclusions BFA is effective for immediate pain reduction. Further research with a randomized controlled trial in a larger population is needed to assess BFA effects on chronic pain and opioid dependency. Copyright 2020, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers.